Past perfect
*Formation: -had + p.p.
He had mended the car.
-had + not + p.p.
He had n’t fixed the pipe.
-had + subject + p.p.
Had he watched the match?
Usage : يعبر عن فعل حدث وتم قبل فعل آخر في الماضي
After he had finished , he left the office.
يعبر عن فعل حدث قبل فترة زمنية في الماضي ويأتي مع
By + فترة زمنية...... past perfect.
By midday , he had written his lessons.
*Key words :
After-before As soon as –when-by the time-till-until.
*After / As soon as /When +
past perfect + past simple
-First he watched the film then he slept.
After he had watched the film, he slept.
-First I went to the Zoo then I visited the pyramids.
As soon as I had gone to the Zoo, I visited the pyramids.
When I had gone to the zoo , I visited the pyramids
Gerundنستخدم صيغة فاعل after إذا لم يأتي بعد
After playing football, I studied my lessons.
Having played football I studied my lessons.
*Before / By the time / When
past simple + past perfect
-First she cooked the food then she washed the dishes.
Before she washed the dishes , she had cooked the food.
-First I phoned him then I met him.
When I met him , I had phoned him.
-First I took money then I bought a present.
By the time I bought a present , I had taken money.
V+ ingفاعل نستخدم Before اذا لم يأتي بعد
Before Going out We finished our work.
*Till / until
past simple {negative } + until + past perfect
-First I studied my lessons then I watched T.v
I did n't watch TV. until I had studied my lessons.
Note
- It wasn't until +past perfect + that + past simple
It was n't until I had studied my lessons that I watched TV.
-It was only when + past perfect + that + past simple
It was only when I had studied my lessons that I watched TV.
*Past perfect continuous
had + been + verb + ing
يستخدم لوصف شئ استمر لفترة من الوقت قبل حدوث فعل أخر في الماضي.
I had been typing for 2 hours before he came.
لإعطاء سبب لحدث في الماضي .
There were floods because it had been raining for 2 days.
-Hardly \scarcely………..when No sooner……. Than
الأدوات السابقة تأتي قبل التصرف الثالث داخل الجملة.
He had hardly finished his work when I left.
عند البدء بالأدوات السابقة نضع الجملة الأولي في صيغة السؤال.
Hardly had he finished his work when I left
*Formation: -had + p.p.
He had mended the car.
-had + not + p.p.
He had n’t fixed the pipe.
-had + subject + p.p.
Had he watched the match?
Usage : يعبر عن فعل حدث وتم قبل فعل آخر في الماضي
After he had finished , he left the office.
يعبر عن فعل حدث قبل فترة زمنية في الماضي ويأتي مع
By + فترة زمنية...... past perfect.
By midday , he had written his lessons.
*Key words :
After-before As soon as –when-by the time-till-until.
*After / As soon as /When +
past perfect + past simple
-First he watched the film then he slept.
After he had watched the film, he slept.
-First I went to the Zoo then I visited the pyramids.
As soon as I had gone to the Zoo, I visited the pyramids.
When I had gone to the zoo , I visited the pyramids
Gerundنستخدم صيغة فاعل after إذا لم يأتي بعد
After playing football, I studied my lessons.
Having played football I studied my lessons.
*Before / By the time / When
past simple + past perfect
-First she cooked the food then she washed the dishes.
Before she washed the dishes , she had cooked the food.
-First I phoned him then I met him.
When I met him , I had phoned him.
-First I took money then I bought a present.
By the time I bought a present , I had taken money.
V+ ingفاعل نستخدم Before اذا لم يأتي بعد
Before Going out We finished our work.
*Till / until
past simple {negative } + until + past perfect
-First I studied my lessons then I watched T.v
I did n't watch TV. until I had studied my lessons.
Note
- It wasn't until +past perfect + that + past simple
It was n't until I had studied my lessons that I watched TV.
-It was only when + past perfect + that + past simple
It was only when I had studied my lessons that I watched TV.
*Past perfect continuous
had + been + verb + ing
يستخدم لوصف شئ استمر لفترة من الوقت قبل حدوث فعل أخر في الماضي.
I had been typing for 2 hours before he came.
لإعطاء سبب لحدث في الماضي .
There were floods because it had been raining for 2 days.
-Hardly \scarcely………..when No sooner……. Than
الأدوات السابقة تأتي قبل التصرف الثالث داخل الجملة.
He had hardly finished his work when I left.
عند البدء بالأدوات السابقة نضع الجملة الأولي في صيغة السؤال.
Hardly had he finished his work when I left
